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1991—2020年长沙市湿地面积与生态系统服务价值的变化及其驱动力

Changes of wetland area, ecosystem service value and their driving forces in Changsha City from 1991 to 2020

  • 摘要: 湿地面积变化是人与自然共同作用的结果,深刻影响着湿地生态系统的服务功能和可持续发展。利用1991—2020年7期Landsat卫星遥感影像和野外实测数据,并结合长沙市统计年鉴等数据,探究了长沙市近30年来湿地面积的变化,量化评估了长沙市湿地生态系统服务价值,从社会经济因素(总人口数量、GDP、城市化水平、耕地面积)和自然因素(年平均气温、年降雨量)两方面分析了湿地面积变化的原因。研究结果表明,1991—2020年长沙市湿地总面积和湿地生态系统服务价值整体呈不断下降趋势,湿地面积由1991年的5.1×104 hm2下降到2020年的4.2×104 hm2,主要由坑塘面积的减少所致;湿地生态系统服务价值由20.2×108元下降到16.5×108元,其中湿地调节服务价值最高,供给服务价值最低;从不同湿地类型来看,坑塘湿地生态系统服务价值最大,其次为河流,最低为湖库;回归分析表明,湿地总面积与总人口数量、GDP、耕地面积均呈显著负线性关系(p<0.05),长沙市湿地总面积的下降与社会经济因素密切相关。

     

    Abstract: Wetland transformations emerge from complex human-natural interactions, exerting a profound influence on wetland ecosystem service values and regional sustainability. This investigation employed multi-temporal Landsat imagery (7 epochs) and field datasets from 1991 to 2020, supplemented with socioeconomic records from the Changsha City Statistical Yearbook, to analyze wetland area changes and quantify ecosystem service values (ESVs). The study systematically examined drivers of area changes through integrated analysis of socioeconomic indicators (population growth, GDP expansion, urbanization rate, agricultural land use) and environmental parameters (mean annual temperature, precipitation patterns). Key findings revealed persistent declines in both wetland extent and associated ESVs over three decades. Total wetland area decreased by 17.6% (51 000 to 42 000 hm2), predominantly through pond wetland conversion. Concurrently, ESVs declined by 18.3% (2.02 to 1.65 billion Yuan), with regulatory services constituting the largest contribution and provisioning services the smallest. Among wetland types, pond wetland demonstrated the highest service value, followed by riverine wetland, with lake-reservoir wetland exhibiting the lowest valuation. Regression analysis identified significant negative correlations (p<0.05) between total wetland area and key socioeconomic drivers (population density, GDP growth, and agricultural expansion). These relationships highlight the dominant role of anthropogenic pressures over natural climatic factors in wetland transformations, particularly the conversion of peri-urban wetland ecosystems to meet demands for urban expansion and agricultural development.

     

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