Abstract: The Yellow River Delta has rich microbial resources. It is important to clarify the composition and influence factors of functional microbial communities in the soils of the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta for environment protection and rational exploitation and utilization of microbial resources. This paper summarized the characteristics of microbial communities in the soils of the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta participating in the elemental geochemical circulations of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur respectively. Besides, the influence factors of microbial community structure, such as salt content of the soil, soil depth, vegetation type, soil flooding state, wetland type etc., was analyzed. From the literature review, it is found that nitrogen cycling was participated in by Nitrososphaeria and Rhizobium in the soils in the wetlands of the the Yellow River Delta; the carbon cycle was involved in by fungi, carbon sequestration bacteria, methanooxidizing bacteria and methanogens in the soils; the phosphorus cycling was related to by phosphorus solubating bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils; the sulfur cycle was connected with by sulfate reducing bacteria belonging to delta-proteobacteria. These bacteria involved in different global element cycles play an important role in regional geochemical cycles and pollutant degradation. In addition, the microorganisms belonging to Ascomycota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant salt-tolerant microorganisms which related to the element migration and transformation pathways in this area. Moreover, based on the analysis of microorganisms related to pollutant degradation in the Yellow River Delta, the prospect of using indigenous plants and salt-tolerant microorganisms to construct in situ bioremediation system was proposed. The discussion of the microorganisms related to pollutant degradation in the Yellow River Delta are critical to the environment protection and rational exploitation of microorganisms in this area.