Abstract: To comprehensively investigate and analyze the taxonomy, distribution, and prevalence of mangrove pests in Guangdong Province, a three-year survey was conducted from 2021 to 2023. This study employed multiple methodologies, including transect surveys, standardized plot assessments, and thematic sampling, to examine the species composition and spatial distribution of diseases, insects, invasive plants, and other pest types within nature reserves and wetland parks encompassed by mangrove ecosystems in Guangdong Province. The survey identified a total of 244 insect species, 34 disease species, 15 harmful plant species, and 3 additional pest categories. Among these, 34 pest species were classified as causing mild or greater harm, comprising 5 plant diseases, 21 harmful insects, 5 invasive plants, and 3 other harmful organisms, with 29.41% categorized as severely damaging. The most severe infestations were observed in sooty blotch, Ricania guttata, Ptyomaxia syntaractis, Hyblaea puera, Anoplophora chinensis, Spartina alterniflora, and Enteromorpha sp. Mangrove resources in Guangdong Province exhibited high species diversity and system stability, but displayed uneven spatial distribution patterns. To effectively manage pest populations, it is imperative to adhere to the working principle of "prevention-oriented, combining prevention and control, and promoting community-based prevention". Strengthening quarantine measures, implementing long-term monitoring programs, and establishing an integrated green management strategy for pest control are critical steps toward ensuring the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems in Guangdong Province.