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干旱区湿地生态环境质量评估及驱动力分析以苏干湖湿地为例

Assessment of wetland ecological environment quality in arid region and analysis of driving forces: a case study of the Sugan Lake Wetland

  • 摘要: 重视湿地资源生态价值和生态功能是保障区域可持续发展的重要前提。基于2010—2020年的Landsat遥感影像,通过构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)分析了苏干湖湿地生态环境质量的时空演变特征,并结合地理探测器探索了影响湿地生态环境质量的驱动因子。研究结果表明, 2010年、2015年和2020年苏干湖湿地遥感生态指数均值分别为0.469、0.402和0.460,生态环境质量总体呈微弱下降趋势。生态环境质量差、较差的区域分布基本一致,主要分布在湿地东、中部及小苏干湖北侧,以裸地、盐碱地、盐沼地等土地利用类型为主。遥感生态指数差值分析表明,2010—2020年研究区生态环境质量以变差等级占优,变差等级区域面积为196.01 km2,变好等级区域面积为138.07 km2。2010年、2015年和2020年遥感生态指数的莫兰指数(Moran’s I)分别为0.322、0.236和0.149,表明遥感生态指数具有空间正相关性,但聚集性减弱趋势显著。热点分析表明,冷点主要聚集在研究区东侧,土地利用类型以盐碱地和沙地为主;热点主要聚集在研究区中部,2010年后向小苏干湖南侧及花海子一带移动。地理探测器分析结果表明,苏干湖湿地生态环境质量受自然因素和人为因素的共同作用,其中,干度指数是影响生态环境质量的最大单因子驱动力;交互探测中以高程、土地利用类型和气温的交互影响为主,人为因子的影响力显著弱于自然因子。研究结果可为干旱区湿地资源的可持续发展提供一定的数据支撑和参考。

     

    Abstract: It is an important prerequisite for ensuring regional sustainable development to attach importance to the ecological value and ecological functions of wetland resources. Based on Landsat remote sensing images from 2010 to 2020, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecological environment quality of the Sugan Lake Wetland were analyzed by constructing the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), and the driving factors affecting the regional ecological environment quality were explored in combination with the geographical detector. The research results showed that among the four indicators of the RSEI of the Sugan Lake Wetland in 2010, 2015 and 2020, there was a positive correlation between NDVI and RSEI, and between WET and RSEI, while there was a negative correlation between NDBSI and RSEI, and between LST and RSEI. The average values of RSEI in the three periods were 0.469, 0.402 and 0.460, respectively. The RSEI decreased by 14.29% from 2010 to 2015; and increased by 14.43% from 2015 to 2020. Overall, the RSEI decreased by 1.92% from 2010 to 2020, and the ecological environment quality of the Sugan Lake Wetland generally showed a slightly deteriorating trend. The areas with poor and relatively poor ecological environment quality were basically consistent in distribution, mainly located on the east side, in the central part of the wetland, and on the north side of the Xiaosugan Lake, with land use types such as bare land, saline-alkali land, and salt marsh land. The analysis of the RSEI difference showed that from 2010 to 2020, the ecological environment quality of the study area was dominated by the deteriorating grade, with the area of the deteriorating grade region reaching 196.01 km2, and the area of the improving grade region being 138.07 km2. The Moran’s I values of RSEI in 2010, 2015 and 2020 were 0.322, 0.236 and 0.149, respectively, showing a positive spatial correlation, but with a significant trend of weakening aggregation, and the polarization of the ecological environment quality in the study area had been alleviated. The results of the hot spot analysis showed that the cold spots mainly gather on the east side of the study area, with the land use types mainly being saline-alkali land and sandy land; the hot spots mainly gather in the central part of the study area, and after 2010, they moved to the south side of the Xiaosugan Lake and the area around Huahaizi. The analysis of the results of the geographical detector showed that the ecological environment quality of the Sugan Lake wetland was jointly affected by natural factors and human factors. Among them, the dryness index was the single factor with the greatest driving force affecting the ecological environment quality; in the interactive detection, the interactive influence of elevation, land use type and air temperature was dominant. The influence of human factors was significantly weaker than that of natural factors. The research results can provide certain data support and reference for the sustainable development of wetland resources in arid regions.

     

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