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湿地水质净化功能及其定量评估研究进展

Research progress on water purification function of wetland and its quantitative evaluation

  • 摘要: 湿地水质净化功能的定量评估对于湿地生态恢复和区域水环境管理意义重大。通过对已发表的相关中英文文献进行整理分析,总结了湿地对悬浮物、有机质和营养盐的去除机制,系统分析了人工湿地的类型、适用对象、优缺点和限制因素,进一步发现关于人工湿地新污染物去除及减少温室气体排放方面的研究有待进一步加强。此外,梳理了自然湿地水质净化功能定量评估过程与方法,总结了数值模拟过程中水文、水动力和植被吸收模块的驱动要素和限制性因子,阐明了流域“湿地群”水质净化评估在湿地生态恢复、流域水质改善和引调水工程水质控制阈值中的应用。基于湿地水质净化功能研究的热点与不足,提出了未来湿地水质净化评估的研究区域应从单块湿地转向流域“湿地群”的研究。构建大规模流域“湿地群”综合网络与湿地水文–水动力–水质–生态综合模型,将有利于提升中国全流域生态建设水平和湿地水质净化能力。

     

    Abstract: The quantitative assessment of wetland water purification functions is important for wetland restoration and water environment management. Based on the literature review, the purification mechanisms of wetlands for suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients have been summarized. The types, advantages and disadvantages, and limiting factors of constructed wetlands were analyzed. The functions of constructed wetlands in purifying new pollutants and reducing greenhouse gas emissions need to be further enhanced. In addition, the quantitative assessment methods for the water purification function of natural wetlands have been summarized, and the driving factors and limiting factors of the hydrological, hydrodynamic and vegetation modules in the numerical simulation have been sorted out. Additionally, a notable contribution of this review is its focus on the advantages of assessing water purification functions from the perspective of wetland complexes within a watershed. This approach provides valuable insights for establishing appropriate pollutant concentration control thresholds, which are particularly relevant in the context of wetland ecological restoration projects, comprehensive water quality improvement efforts across entire watersheds, and the planning and implementation of water transfer projects for lake wetlands. Finally, the review proposes future research directions based on an analysis of current research trends and identified gaps in the field of wetland water purification studies. It suggests a strategic shift in focus from single wetland research to a broader watershed scale perspective that considers wetland complexes. The review also advocates for increasing the density of data monitoring in key water quality areas, establishing long-term and large-scale ecological databases, and developing integrated models of large-scale wetland complexes. These initiatives are conducive to enhancing the ecological construction level of the entire river watershed in China and the water purification capacity of wetlands.

     

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