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吉林省西部沼泽湿地对稻田排水中氮磷的去除效果研究

Reduction and removal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field drainage by marsh wetlands in western Jilin Province

  • 摘要: 为了研究稻田周边自然沼泽湿地对稻田排水中氮、磷的去除效果,在吉林省西部地区选择稻田及与其毗邻的沼泽湿地,开展湿地对稻田排水氮、磷的拦截净化效果研究。研究结果表明,稻田周边湿地能够将总氮(TN)质量浓度为7.82 mg/L、总磷(TP)质量浓度为0.93 mg/L的稻田排水有效净化,浓度分别降低69.95%和68.82%,TN和TP总量的去除率分别达到80.73%和79.72%。在香蒲(Typha orientalis)、小香蒲(Typha minima)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和扁秆荆三棱(Bolboschoenus planiculmis)4种当地主要湿地植物中,香蒲和芦苇的比根长显著高于小香蒲和扁秆荆三棱,小香蒲的谷氨酰胺合成酶活性显著高于其他3种植物,4种植物单位干物质积累氮的量差异不显著,香蒲、小香蒲和芦苇单位干物质积累磷的量差异不显著,但是三者根单位干物质积累磷的量显著低于扁秆荆三棱,叶单位干物质积累磷的量高于扁秆荆三棱。利用农田周边自然沼泽湿地能够有效去除稻田排水中的氮、磷,具有低成本性和可推广性,能够为同类型区域农田排水氮、磷去除提供案例参考。

     

    Abstract: In order to research the reduction effect of natural marsh wetlands around paddy fields on the nitrogen and phosphorus in the drainage of paddy fields, the research on the interception and purification of nitrogen and phosphorus in the drainage of paddy fields by wetlands in the western region of Jilin Province was carried out. The research results show that the wetlands around the paddy fields can effectively purify paddy field drainage with TN concentration of 7.82 mg/L and TP concentration of 0.93 mg/L, reducing TN and TP concentrations by 69.95% and 68.82%, respectively, the removal rates of the total amount of TN and TP reached 80.73% and 79.72%, respectively. Among the four main wetland plants in the local area-Typha orientalis, Typha minima, Phragmites australis and Bolboschoenus platyphylla, the specific root length of Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis was significantly higher than that of Typha minima and Bolboschoenus platyphyll, and the glutamine synthetase activity of Typha minima was significantly higher than that of the other three wetland plants. There was no significant difference in the amount of nitrogen accumulated per unit dry matter among the four plants.The amount of phosphorus accumulated per unit of dry matter among Typha orientalis, Typha minima and Phragmites australis was not significantly different, but the amount of phosphorus accumulated per unit of dry matter in the roots of the three was significantly lower than that of Bolboschoenus platyphylla. The amount of phosphorus accumulated per unit dry matter in leaves of the three was higher than that of Bolboschoenus platyphylla. The utilization of natural marsh wetlands around farmland can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the drainage of paddy fields, featuring low cost and generalizability. It can provide case references for the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage in the same type of areas.

     

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