Abstract: As ecosystems with the highest biodiversity and ecological roles in the world, wetlands are confronted with a growing number of environmental pollution problems, especially heavy metal contamination, which has emerged as a crucial area of study. As a result, it has become essential to preserve wetland ecosystems. Plants, the fundamental component of constructed wetlands, are extensively utilized in the treatment of heavy metals in effluent, industrial wastewater, and residential sewage since they are low cost, low risk of secondary environmental damage, and superior ecological benefits for the environment. They play an important role in the purification of water bodies. Applying phytoremediation technology effectively requires an understanding of the mechanisms behind plant-based heavy metal remediation. This is crucial for improving the effectiveness of heavy metal pollution remediation in wetlands and lowering ecological concerns. This study examines recent local and international studies on the use of wetland plants for heavy metal pollution remediation. The importance of phytoremediation in wetland restoration is highlighted as it explores the capacities and processes of common wetland plants in the buildup and removal of heavy metals. Research shows that common plants in China and overseas, such as Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Thalia dealbata, and Myriophyllum verticillatum, have potent remediation abilities for wetland soils contaminated with heavy metals. Through a multitude of processes, including the release of root exudates (Res) into the rhizosphere environment, the formation of iron plaques on root surfaces, and radial oxygen loss (ROL), plants improve their capacity to accumulate heavy metals. Specifically, by releasing root exudates and causing radial oxygen loss, plants change the rhizosphere's pH, redox potentials, and microbial activities. It alters the solubility and mobility of heavy metals and encourages plant absorption of them. In addition, plants can form iron plaques on their roots to fix heavy metals and prevent them from entering the plant and causing toxicity. Heavy metals enter plant tissues, bind to phytochelatins to form heavy metal-phytochelatin complexes, and are subsequently carried into vacuoles by specific metal transporters, among which are cation diffusion facilitators (CDF), metal transporter P1B-ATPases, and iron-regulated transporter-like protein (ZIP). Furthermore, by controlling the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), and catalase (CAT), plants can be used to increase their resistance to heavy metal toxicity under heavy metal stress conditions. This provides an efficient antioxidant defense mechanism that eliminates an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the oxidative harm that reactive oxygen species inflict. Future research should focus on the application of genetic engineering and integrated remediation technologies that will enhance both the effectiveness of phytoremediation and its practicality when dealing with wetland heavy metal contamination.