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盐城市生态产品价值视角下的湿地“占补平衡”

Wetland requisition-compensation balance based on ecological product value accounting in Yancheng

  • 摘要: 为了探究现行湿地“占补平衡”政策以及该政策对区域范围内湿地生态功能的生态盈亏作用,通过生态产品价值核算方法,对2022年盐城市不同类型湿地单位面积内湿地生态产品价值量进行核算评估。研究结果表明,盐城市近海与海岸湿地、沼泽湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、人工湿地5种湿地类型的总面积为5 678.36 km2;2022年盐城市湿地生态产品价值量为1 400.94亿元,其中物质供给类生态产品价值为266.32亿元,调节服务类生态产品价值为1 075.76亿元,文化服务类生态产品价值为58.86亿元;盐城市单位面积内湿地生态产品价值量平均值为22.30元/(m2·a),不同类型湿地生态产品价值量从大到小依次为近海与海岸湿地32.65 元/(m2·a)、湖泊湿地24.57 元/(m2·a)、河流湿地19.97 元/(m2·a)、人工湿地19.22 元/(m2·a)、沼泽湿地15.08 元/(m2·a),并以洪水调蓄生态产品价值量最高14.13 元/(m2·a),固碳生态产品价值量最低0.01 元/(m2·a),其中近海与海岸湿地具有独特的海岸带防护价值。不同湿地类型具有不同的生态产品价值量和功能,建议在不同湿地类型之间开展“占补平衡”工作时,可将近海与海岸湿地、湖泊湿地、河流湿地、人工湿地、沼泽湿地的面积比,设定为1.00︰1.33︰1.63︰1.70︰2.17,进行占补面积的简易等效换算,从而实现区域生态产品价值的零净损失。

     

    Abstract: The wetland requisition-compensation balance policy, an important ecological conservation strategy in China, mandates equivalent-area compensation for development-occupied wetlands to maintain regional wetland inventory. However, widespread functional heterogeneity exists among wetland types. Since China formally institutionalized the concept of ecological products in 2006, scholarly focus has shifted toward quantifying wetland ecological product values encompassing provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services to comprehensively reflect intrinsic wetland functions. In order to investigate the effects of current wetland requisition-compensation balance policy on ecological profit and loss of regional wetland functions, this study calculated and evaluated the values of wetland ecological product in Yancheng in 2022 based on gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting model. The results demonstrated that the wetland in Yancheng was classified into 5 types, including coastal wetland , marshy wetland , riverine wetland, lacustrine wetland, and human-made wetland, of which the total area was 5 678.36 km2. The total value of wetland ecological product in Yancheng reached 140.094 billion yuan, comprising provisioning services (26.632 billion yuan) , regulating services (107.576 billion yuan) , cultural services (5.886 billion yuan). The mean value of unit-area wetland ecological products averaged 22.30 yuan/(m2·a). In terms of different types of wetland, their values from high to low were: coastal wetland 32.65 yuan/(m2·a), lacustrine wetland 24.57 yuan/(m2·a), riverine wetland 19.97 yuan/(m2·a), human-made wetland 19.22 yuan/(m2·a), and marshy wetland 15.08 yuan/(m2·a). Different wetland types exhibit divergent functional orientations and ecological function values. Coastal wetland provided unique coastal protection 3.66 yuan/(m2·a). As to different types of wetland ecological function, value for flood regulation was highest 14.13 yuan/(m2·a), while value for carbon sequestration was lowest 0.01 yuan/(m2·a). Functional equivalence analysis reveals that uniform ecological value can be achieved when the area ratios of coastal wetland: lacustrine wetland: riverine wetland: human-made wetland reach 1.00 : 1.33 : 1.63 : 1.70 : 2.17. Consequently, it is suggested that when implementing the requisition-compensation balance mechanism across different wetland types, the equivalent value conversion from requisitioned area to ecological compensation can be calculated based on the unit-area wetland ecological product value. This approach can ensure zero net loss of regional ecological product value.

     

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