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土地利用结构与景观格局对霍林河水质及浮游生物群落结构的影响

Effects of land use structure and landscape pattern on water quality and plankton community structure in the Huolin River

  • 摘要: 为了解不同土地利用结构和景观格局影响下霍林河流域水质状况及浮游生物群落特征,于2023年10月在霍林河流域20个监测断面采集水样,测定了8项水质指标,并探究了该流域浮游生物群落特征及其与土地利用结构和景观格局之间的关系。调查期间,共鉴定出浮游动物4类88种和浮游植物6门98种,其中轮虫占浮游动物类群的绝对优势,硅藻和绿藻是浮游植物的主要组成类群。土地利用结构和景观格局对水质具有显著影响,其中草地、林地能够过滤和截留水体中的污染物,二者较高的最大斑块指数(LPI)指示较高的水质净化功能;建设用地和耕地对河流水质产生了负面影响。土地利用结构和景观格局通过影响水体理化指标,间接影响浮游生物群落特征。霍林河流域浮游动物优势物种丰度的主要环境影响因子包括缓冲区内草地、耕地面积占比、LPI指数、香农多样性指数及水体氨氮含量、高锰酸盐指数;浮游植物优势物种丰度的主要环境影响因子包括耕地面积占比、硝态氮、氨氮、碱度和溶解氧浓度。以上结果可为霍林河流域土地利用的合理布局及景观格局的优化提供科学依据,为河流水生态保护与恢复提供数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: To understand the water quality status and plankton community characteristics in the Huolin River Basin under the influence of different land-use structures and landscape patterns, water samples were collected from 20 monitoring sections in October 2023. Eight water quality parameters were measured, and plankton community characteristics were investigated. During the survey, 88 zooplankton species (4 categories) and 98 phytoplankton species (6 phyla) were identified. Rotifers dominated the zooplankton community, while Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta constituted the primary phytoplankton groups. Land-use structures and landscape patterns significantly influenced water quality. Specifically, grassland and woodland effectively filtered and intercepted pollutants, with higher Largest Patch Index (LPI) values enhancing their water purification capacity. Conversely, construction land and cultivated land exerted negative effects on river water quality. These land-use structures and landscape configurations indirectly shaped plankton community characteristics by altering physicochemical water parameters. Key environmental factors affecting dominant zooplankton species abundance included: the proportion of grassland and cultivated land in the buffer zone, LPI, Shannon’s Diversity Index, as well as ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index in water. For dominant phytoplankton species, critical factors were the proportion of cultivated land, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen. These findings provide a scientific basis for rational land-use planning and landscape pattern optimization in the Huolin River Basin, and offered essential data support for riverine ecological conservation and restoration.

     

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