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东寨港红树林湿地生态健康评价及提升对策

Ecological health assessment and improvement strategies of the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Wetlands

  • 摘要: 选取东寨港塔市、演丰河、三江湾和珠溪河4处红树林自然湿地与人工湿地中水体健康、沉积物、植被、动物、环境状况和人为干扰等指标,采用模糊综合评价法,构建了6个准则层、19项指标的红树林湿地生态健康评价体系,以及4个准则层、19项指标的生态旅游资源评价体系,并依据优劣,分别划分为5个等级,进行评估。研究结果表明,海南东寨港红树林湿地的整体生态健康水平为中等,自然湿地的生态健康状况优于人工湿地。4处湿地的生态健康水平由高到低依次为塔市湿地、三江湾湿地、演丰河湿地、珠溪河湿地。红树林湿地的生态旅游资源独具特色且种类丰富,但是由于受人为干扰,总体评价等级为一般。4处湿地的旅游资源优良度排序为塔市湿地和演丰河湿地等级相同,其次为三江湾湿地、珠溪河湿地。若按建议实施生态工程措施,将能够有效提升湿地的生态健康水平,并改善旅游资源质量。为了加强资源保护,建议将潟湖内的红树林湿地划分为核心保护区和一般控制区,并细分为禁养禁捕区和限养限捕区;将潟湖外围的湿地公园划分为生态保育区、合理利用区和恢复重建区,非湿地公园区域规划为生态养殖区、退塘还林区和退塘还湿区。研究还建议实施退养、退塘还林、退塘还湿、鸟类栖息地建设等11项生态工程,以修复生态系统并提升旅游资源质量。

     

    Abstract: By investigating water quality, sediments, vegetation, fauna, environmental conditions, and anthropogenic disturbances in both natural and artificial mangrove wetlands at Tashi, Yanfen River, Sanjiang Bay, and Zhuxi River in the Dongzhaigang region, we applied a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish two assessment systems: an ecological health assessment system (six criteria and nineteen indicators) and an ecotourism resource evaluation system (four criteria and nineteen indicators). Each system was classified into five grades according to relative performance. The results show that the overall ecological health of the Dongzhaigang mangrove wetlands is moderate, with natural wetlands in better condition than artificial ones. Among the four sites, ecological health ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Tashi, Sanjiang Bay, Yanfen River, Zhuxi River. The wetlands possess unique and diverse ecotourism resources; however, due to anthropogenic disturbances, their overall tourism resource quality was assessed as moderate. The ranking of tourism resources was: Tashi and Yanfen River were the same, followed by Sanjiang Bay and Zhuxi River. To enhance resource protection, we recommend designating the lagoonal mangrove wetlands as core conservation zones and general control zones, further subdivided into no-aquaculture and no-fishing areas, restricted-aquaculture and fishing areas. Peripheral wetland parks should be zoned into ecological conservation, rational utilization, and ecological restoration areas, while non-park wetlands should be planned as ecological aquaculture zones, aquaculture-to-forest conversion zones, and aquaculture-to-wetland conversion zones. Furthermore, eleven ecological engineering measures are proposed, including aquaculture cessation, pond conversion to mangroves or wetlands, and the creation of bird habitats, to restore ecosystem functions and improve tourism resource quality.

     

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