Abstract: The Liaohe River Estuary Wetland is a critical node along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, there is an urgent need to harmonize bird conservation and agricultural production. However, a lack of systematic monitoring and analysis limited the exploration of win-win models. This study was conducted in rice paddies with 20% and 10% open water surface (experimental groups) and 0% open water surface (control group) located outside the Liaoning Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve. Monthly bird surveys were carried out from June 2023 to May 2024. The population density, Shannon diversity index, evenness index, and Simpson index of birds in the experimental and control groups were analyzed, along with their seasonal variations. A green benefit index (GBI) was constructed by combining rice yield per unit area and the input-output ratio to quantify the eco-production synergistic benefits. The results showed that a total of 110 bird species, belonging to 70 genera, 38 families, and 17 orders, were recorded in the rice paddies. Among them, 16 species were national first- and second-class protected wild animals, and 7 ones were listed as globally threatened species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The dominant ecological group was waterfowl, and the most abundant IUCN category was summer visitors classified as “Least Concern”. Seasonal variation and the proportion of open water surface in the rice paddies both significantly influenced the community composition. Bird diversity was generally highest in summer across the three types of rice paddies. The Shannon diversity index (p<0.001) and Simpson index of birds in rice paddies with 20% and 10% open water surface were significantly higher than those in rice paddies with 0% open water surface (p<0.05). The rice paddies with 20% open water surface had the highest GBI value of 0.974. These findings demonstrate that creating rice paddies with 20% open water surface can achieve both high economic benefit and high bird diversity. This study quantifies the dual impacts of bird diversity and production benefits in rice paddies with different open water surface proportions in the Liaohe River Estuary Wetland, providing a scientific basis for developing eco-production synergistic management strategies and contributing to a win-win situation of improved agricultural efficiency and biodiversity conservation.